The Society for Peace Studies was founded in 1958, at a time when a heated discussion took place in Germany about the integration of the Federal Republic of Germany into the defense strategies of the Western countries and about the arming of its military forces, the "Bundeswehr", with nuclear weapons. At that time there existed only very limited scientific research about the causes of war and the conditions for peace. Systematic peace studies did not exist in Germany. The primary purpose of the Society for Peace Studies was to improve social awareness around the issue of peace and war as a legitimate subject for scientific research, and to pave the way for thedevelopment of such studies.
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